ONTOMORFOHENESIS HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L. IN CONDITIONS OF RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

of candidate dissertation for biological s ciences. [in Russian]. Mynsk. [In Belorus] Sykura, Y. Y., & Syrytsa, L.T. (1990). Rekomendatsy y po yzuchenyiu ontoheneza yntrodutsyrovan ыkh rastenyi v botanycheskykh sadakh SSSR [Recommendation on the study of ontogenesis of intro duction plants in the botanical gardens of the USSR ]. Kyiv. [in Russian]. Vdovyna, T. A. (2009). Vozrasnaia struktura dykoras tushchykh populiatsyi oblepykhy y prodolzhytelnost zhyzny rasteny i v pryrode y kulture [The age-related structure of populations of sea-buc kthorn and life-span of plants are in the wild and culture ]. In Yzvestyia NAN RK. Seryia byolohycheskaia y medytsynskaia, 2 , 47–79. [in Russian]

Introduction.Preservation and enrichment of biodiversity through the introduction and cultivation of plants is one of the priorities of the botanical gardens.Rare fruit crops that have agronomic properties deserve special attention.Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is traditionally regarded as medicinal, edible, decorative, erosion, nitrogen fixing plant.In Ukraine, it grows in south-western areas in the valleys of the Dniester, Danube and their tributaries.It often occurs after a wild plant cultivation in gardens, arboretum.This is a typical Eurasian, dioecious, anemophilous type of plant Elaeagnaceae Lindl.This species belongs to the typical mesophytic, but with the characteristic xeromorphic above-ground structure of bodies (Shpytalnaia, 2006).According to the classification of life forms K. Raunkiyer it is woody phanerophytes, according to the classification of types biomorphic I. H. Serebryakov it belongs to the department of woody plants, such as -deciduous shrub (Serebriakov, 1954).According to L. S. Sahalakova & L. K. Bardonova (2011) it may have two life forms: singletree and shrub without branching underground.According to the morphological features it is a polymorphic type, which has a pronounced variability, represents a variety of shapes and varieties with different qualitative and quantitative criteria.
A detailed study of the biological characteristics, especially ontomorfohenesis of plants is particularly important because the data can establish the level of adaptive capacity, resilience and life of plants in conditions of introduction.The literature has accumulated significant factual and theoretical material about ontogeny of woody plants, resulting in the physiological, morphological, forestry, population ontogenetic studies.Their result was the understanding of the factors and mechanisms of morphological and functi-onal changes at various stages of ontogeny.Most of the works devoted to the study of age-related conditions of plants in natural conditions, while the ontogeny of plants under introduction less, mainly in conditions as close to nature (Vdovyna, 2009;Sahalakova & Bardonova, 2011).Therefore, the study of features ontomorfohenesis of H. rhamnoides and especially its varieties and age-classes in conditions of introduction is important.This will improve the efficiency of selection of promising plant for practices and commercial effectiveness of variety.
The aim -to determine the features ontomorfohenesis of H. rhamnoides plants in natural conditions in Ukraine and in a culture at the National Arboretum "Sofiyivka", NAS of Ukraine.The latent period (sm) starts from the seed formation and its independent existence at rest period.Fruit -oval drupe.Seeds are brown, shiny, ovoid form, elongated and slightly flattened, with characteristic longitudinal grooves on both sides.Revealed that the seeds of the studied plants vary in size (length -4,30-4,76 ±2,6  mm, width -1,42-1,76 ±1,4 mm)  and weight of 1000 seeds (0,58-0,79 ±4,2 g), which has diagnostic value.
Prejuvenile (p) age condition includes two sub phasesplantlets and shoots.The plantlets appear on the 7 th -8 th day and shoots on the 10 th -15 th day.Similarity of seed is almost 78 %.Germination of seed is underground.The under cotyledon part is pale green, then it turns fulvous; it is nude 20-40 mm long, cylindrical, passes unnoticed in the taproot.The cotyledons are oval, nude and succulent, greenish-mat on the top and on the bottom, rounded at the top, and column-wide at the base.Cotyledons gradually transformed into a stalk.As the shoots grows cotyledons increase in size: during germination, they have a length of 5,5 mm and a width of 2,5 mm, and reach a length of 13 mm and a width of 5,5 mm in the current state to the drying time.Their shape changes from oval-ovate to ellipsoidal or even reverse-ovoid form.Stalk sizes changes to 1,5-2,0 mm.Sizes of cotyledons of some individual plants vary considerably depending on the size of the seed.After 8-10 days first pair of leaves appears.At the age of 2 weeks hypocotyls stretches to 1,5-2,5 cm, and the general size of the sprout is 3,5-4,5 cm.The above cotyledon interstices are cylindrical 9 mm long.At the age of 5 weeks cotyledon leaves reach their maximum size: about 15 % of the plantlets are characterized by the second pair of leaves; leaf size: the length of the first pair is 12-15 mm, width is 5 mm; the second is 23-25 mm and a width is 5,5 mm.The seedlings reach a height of 5-10 cm.
Juvenile age condition (j) -is visible on the 60 th day and lasts for a year.It is the initial phase in the growing of aerial parts and forming the secondary root system.There is a third pair of leaves -25-30 mm long and 6,5 mm wide.At the end of June, if here are 4-5 pairs of opposite leaves, cotyledons turn yellow, wither and begin to fall off one by one, leaving only traces of attachment.The first 4-5 pairs of leaves are opposite, oblong, whole and entire on short (1 mm) stalks, serving well below with the median vein, densely covered, especially downside, shorted stalk with silver-gray color.At the time of growing completion juvenile samples are characterized by availability of 6-8 real pairs of leaves with a size -20-36 mm and a width of 7,1 mm.Juvenile plant has one upright (orthotropic) herbaceous sprout, 12-43 cm tall.The type of increase is monopodial.The root system is rod, 20-60 cm long.
Imaturnyy age condition (im) -is on the second yearits duration is one year.Its characterized by the first sprout branching.The stalk is stiff.Each newly formed leave is larger than the previous one but smaller than adult plants.
The root system gets more signs of fibrous rod-type as a result of intensive formation of roots of different categories.Lateral roots branch out actively.Their total length is about 130 cm.
Virhinilnyy age condition (v) -is on the third year and continues to the end of the fourth year of growing.Plants at virhinilnyy age reach a height of 100-175 cm, with numerous stiff side sprouts (5-6 sprouts of the first order, each of which formed partly stiff 1-2 sprouts of the second category).Typical adult plant's leaves are narrowly lanceolate with 4,5-8 cm length.At this period there is a suspension of active growth of roots of the first category, which reach 40-55 cm, roots of other categories are from 5 to 12 cm long.
With vegetative way growing prejuvenile (p) age begins with callus formation one week after planting the cuttings in terms of finely dispersed moisture and continues 10-12 days to mass root formation and its formation occurs on the 18 th -20 th day.Passing to the juvenile age as seed so cuttings plantations reated with the phase of the 3 rd -4 th leaf and with the beginning of main root branching, at imaturnyy age with the formation of the 5 th -7 th leaves and with the development of roots of different categories, at virhinilnyy age with the development of the 8 th -11 th leaves, with forming of small orthotropic rhizomes in the sprout basis, with the roots formation of the third category.
Generative period combines three onto morphogenetic conditions.Young generative period (4-9 years) (g 1 ).This period is the replacement for sprout formation on sympodial.Last year's sprouts end with thorns.The following year, the growth of the main sprout in height is due to lateral buds that are situated lower than thorns from which secondary 2-3 major subsidiaries skeletal sprouts are developing.Dying of lower lateral sprouts happen.Whorl is formed.Sprouts have generative and vegetative buds.Flower buds are laid mainly on the biennial sprouts.The fruits have a wide range of variability, mainly various fetal colors, shape, size, stem length and their number in fruit bud.As a result of research of 100 fruit sample varieties Kyivskyi yantar and Solodka zhinka had a weight of 0,39 to 0,63 grams (2,6 to 4,3 % by weight of ripe fruits) Dar Katuni and Lybid -from 1,1 to 2,6 g (3,4-7,3 %) Chuiska and Vitaminna -3,2-4,1 g (5,4-7,4 %).Visually fruit varieties of H. rhamnoides in the immature state are firm, bright green color; during the maturation their color varies from light orange (Solodka zhinka Dar Katuni, Lybid), bright orange (Chuiska, Vitaminna) to yellow-red color (Kyivskyi yantar).Consumptive ripening occurs on average in early August for plant varieties like Kyivskyi yantar and Solodka zhinka, in the second week of August for Dar Katuni and Lybid and on the third week of August for Vitaminna and Chuiska.Roots are thick, rope-like, long, are placed horizontally 60-80 cm from the soil surface.Plant height is 1,2-2,0 m, the dimensions of leaves: length -40,0-80,4 mm, width 7,10 mm diameter of crown -from 0,9 to 1,5 m.
Middle-generative period (10-14 years) (g 2 ).During this period, the plant varieties of H. rhamnoides are especially productive.In the root neck the crown consists of uneven skeletal axes of different diameters.There is dying of lower branches and whorls, sprouts out the top of the trunk continue to branch out.Not a large number of root sprouts are formed, due to which a vegetative reproduction happens.Plant height is 1,8-2,4 m, diameter of the crown is 2,5 m.
Old generative period (15-19 years) (g 3 ).Ability for creating of sprouts reduces and the length of annual outgrowths decreases.Dying of partial skeletal axes happens.Vegetative reproduction by using root sprouts stops.Fruiting greatly reduces.
Post generative period (20-25 years) is divided into two sub-periods: subsenylnyy (ss) and senylnyy (s).Their characteristic feature is the acquisition of specific morphogenetic characteristics and reduction of physiological activity.The plants gradually lose their ability to flowering, fruiting and reproduction.A complete dying of species is observed.

Materials and methods of research.
Object is plant varieties H. rhamnoides -Solodka zhinka, Lybid, Kyivskyi yantar, Alei, Chuiska, Dar Katuni and Vitaminna.Morfo Biological features were studied at the National Arboretum "Sofiyivka", NAS of Ukraine.Phenological observations were carried out by (Methodology of phenological observations in the botanical gardens of the USSR, 1975).